Evidence

Question: evidence??????? How can you believe in god with no evidence but you need evidence with every thing else to believe in it?

Answer: Evidence? We don't need no lousy stinkin' evidence! Sorry, I couldn't resist! Da Debil made me do it!

Question: Evidence...? Evidence for the fact that evolution is still occuring today is illustrated by...? A. the continuing need to develope new antibiotics B. an increase in teh number of fossils organisms discovered C. the destruction of some environments and a reduction of biodiversity D. an increase frquency of catastrophic events, such as volcanoes and earthquakes.

Answer: A. Antiobiotics are constantly being updated because the targets are constantly changing, even if slightly.

Question: What evidence is there to prove the following Prehistorical medicine statements? -Osteoarthritis was very common -Women didn't live longer than men -Skeletons provide a good source of evidence -Dental health was good -Australian Aborigines are a good source of evidence -Natural remedies were used to treat illnesses -There was surgical treatment (trephining) -Bones from tombs are a good source of evidence -Belief systems were relevant to medicine Not all of these need to be answered in one answer, answer what you know.

Answer: Well, the major evidence is from skeletons. Many skeltetons show signs of arthritis in the middle aged and elderly. Since they did not eat processed food, they had better teeth than modern people eating processed foods- but if they had a problem it could be fatal! They had nothing but natural remedies. No chemistry to make anything else. There is skeletal evidence of surgery on bones, including trepanning. Most prehistorical societies believe spirits had something to do with disease...i.e. witch doctors.

Question: What evidence suggests that small galaxies in our Local Group have undergone two or more starbursts in the pas? 1.We observe several small galaxies currently undergoing massive star formation. 2.We see small galaxies in which many stars have one age and many others have another age that is billions of years older. 3.We see evidence that small galaxies in our Local Group have experienced several collisions in the past. 4.We see evidence that several small galaxies were shot out of larger galaxies in our Local Group during an age of starburst activity. 5.We do not have any evidence that galaxies in our Local Group were once starburst galaxies.

Answer: 2 If you follow the link that I have provided you will see that the Local Group starburst galaxy IC 10 has many stars that are 100 million years old or younger and many stars that are as old as 10 billion years. So, when astronomers look at IC 10 they see a galaxy in which many stars have one age and many others have another age that is billions of years older. I hope that you like this answer. If so, please vote for it as the "Best Answer". As you may have noticed, most of my answers include a detailed explanation, so that the person who asked the question can learn from it. This takes more time to write, but is certainly worth it from an educational point of view.

Question: What evidence is there that modern humans are still evolving? For example, there is fossil evidence to show that medieval humans were averagely shorter than modern. Additionally, humans are beginning to lose their third molars. What further evidence is there that modern humans have evolved since the appearance of Homo sapiens? What evidence is there to show that we will still evolve in the future? Please list relevant articles pertaining to this topic.

Answer: Evidence: Look around you at all the young guys who are bald or balding, and I've never seen so many obese kids in my sixty odd years as I do these days. What will they be like in 20 years time?

Question: What evidence would be needed to determine for absolute certainty that “God” is real? 1. What evidence would be needed to determine for absolute certainty that 'God' (as described in the Bible) is real? Likewise... 2. What evidence would be needed to determine for absolute certainty that Satan the Devil (as described in the Bible) is real?

Answer: The catch 22 of blind faith is an old trick used by all religions.Ron Hubbard is a fine example of the method,he is just doing what Islam,Christianity et are expert in,leading the gullible sheep into the power house and using them.

Question: What evidence do you have to produce to make a first registration of land? My friend needs to sell her house and I would like to try and buy it. she has lived there since 1978. She acquired the house in 1988 after her divorce. She financed to buy her ex out. She has refinanced since but for some reason none of the lenders have made the first registration and no charges are registered. She has a sub prime lender who has the deeds. She doesn't appear to have anything that would evidence her title. She is in arrears with her mortgage and has absolutely no money at all for fees of any sort. I know that the land registry will charge her about £160 but that's if she gets far enough to make the registration. She needs to know what documentation she needs to try and locate and if there is a way you can make a first registration without documentary evidence. She seems to be unable to get papers from her old solicitor who dealt with the divorce due to non payment of their bill(!). As it was in 1988 they may not have kept the file, especially if she didn't pay them!

Answer: You can make an application for first registration if you have lost your deeds or if they've been destroyed. However, if you know exactly where they are, i.e. with a lender, you'll need their co-operation in order to register the land. Your friend should get in contact with her lender and ask them to lodge a voluntary first registration application on her behalf. She should make it clear that she has a potential purchaser who requires the land to be registered before purchase. They will probably charge her an administration fee, but they may be willing to add it to her loan if they feel that it (and the arrears) may be paid off quickly. Bear in mind also that she may have had legal aid when she divorced her husband, and this may also be a charge on the property. Good luck with this. If you intend to buy the house, make sure you have good legal representation yourself - there may be more burdens that she has forgotten!

Question: What proof or evidence is there that suggest that atheism is the correct or more reasonable way to live? If a theist were to admit that they can't prove God to you or they can't find evidence for his existence, that must mean all evidence must be in favor of atheism. What is that evidence that insists that the non-theistic world view is the most rational and natural view?

Answer: I can't prove there is no god - and i'm perfectly willing to admit that. You see, as scientists and rationalists, we tend not to believe something until it can be verified by evidence. That is how it works. We don't assume invisible pink elephants exist in the room until it can be proven that they DON'T - that would be a nonsensical way of thinking. Surely you can agree?

Question: What evidence would be required to convince a believer that man cannot effect the climate? Is there any scientific evidence that could be presented to a global warming believer that would change their minds? What kind of evidence would be needed to show that believers that the climate always changes, if it's not getting warmer the climate is cooling, or if the climate isn't cooling, then it's warming, there is no such thing as a static climate. Or is their faith more like a religious faith where the strength of what you believe in is enough to make it true?

Answer: I believe it's deeply held believe that human beings are more powerful than they actually are, and evil. (I know it's screwed up, but that's what I see.) They're so effected by focusing on the "bad" that I don't think that they can see the good, or the non impact. To many of them, the USA is 5 hours of sleeping on a jet between New York and Los Angeles. They don't see the vast amount of emptiness in between. Each time they make doom predictions. (and there have been a LOT of them for a long time) We're going to have an ice age because of people, we're going to have global nuclear war which will cause the earth to turn into an ice cube, Saddam's oil field fire will completely screw up the world ecology...etc. A nuclear exchange would throw some dust in the air for a couple of weeks, but over most of the world, it probably wouldn't be noticed, except for the sudden lack of internet services. We're simply not that powerful. ( I've been to Hiroshima, and when you see the pictures of devastation that were there, it doesn't put it into perspective. Yes, that city was horribly messed up. but ten miles away from ground zero, there was no effect, unless you were looking at it at the instant it blew up, or that was where your favorite okonomiyaki grill was. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bomb… We could pop off all the nukes and the radiation would suck - civilization would end, but the climate wouldn't be thrown off balance.

Question: What evidence of the existence of souls have you encountered? I want personal experiences or other evidence, here - not religious rhetoric or faith-based nonsense, and I'll thumbs down any scriptures. If you've had personal experiences that demonstrate the existence of a soul, I want to hear about them. I don't care about the experiences of others you heard about - I only want to know about your own experiences and evidence.

Answer: Well I had an out of body experience a couple of times, involuntary might I add and I don't know how to describe what my experience was so it can be understood the way it felt and happened, but I was 'taken out of my body' by something and i just knew it when it happened, Did not look back and see my self I just knew what I was expriencing at the time.Also I have seen a spirit. I have seen demons. or evil spirits. So to me although I have no way of proving these experiences to anyone but myself because I cannot recreate them or expect all people to be able to relate or understand or accept, to me these experiences and a few others confirmed and cemented my testimony of a spirit world and planes of existence that our physical senses may not be able to readily see or experience.

Question: I need evidence for the following research topic? I have to make a presentation presenting evidence for my topic. I want to present on how finding a cure for abnormalities like Down's Syndrome could possible lead to gene meddling in such a way as to create 'super' humans. Like perfect people intelligent and cooperative. I want to link it with eugenics or some type of evidence that this is indeed possible. Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

Answer: Sorry, identifying the genes responsible for defects is not the same as identifying the genes that will make "super humans". For one thing, it depends on what you mean "super human". Intellegence is not linked to any single gene or any defined group of genes (there is not really agreement on exactly what intelligence is, is it math, language skills, visuallization skills, mechanical aptitude, logic, reason, high SAT scores, high IQ, or something else????). The very concept of a "perfect" human is not defined. Ask 100 people what a perfect human would be and you might get 100 different answers. You might equally argue that optometry (the study of vision) is a slippery slope because it might be used to make humans with "super" eyesight. Maybe doctors should stop repairing broken bones because it might lead to humans with bones so strong they would be unbreakable. A better topic might be the potential consequences of prenatal screening for gender. Many societies today value males more than females so, given the knowledge of sex of the embryo, some parents choose to abort females.

Question: What evidence are present proving that God exists? I am curious as to any physical evidence leading to Jesus Christ, if yes, I would like to know them. I assume there are more non-evidence than there are evidence present. Anyway, I would like more information about the evidence that prove leading to God's existence. Non-evidence leading to God's existence are welcome too. Serious answers only, and please no one telling me that God exist because he exists and let alone, its faith.

Answer: As you can see, the answers that come from believers are utterly lacking in actual evidence. No, the bible did not lead to archeological finds, in fact, archeology has disproven many claims made in the bible. There are no fossilised wheels in any body of water in the Middle East. Further, as the bible approves of gang rape, genocide, and the murder of children for a variety of trivial issues, and to make an "offering" to the sky pixie, its clear that the morals in the bible make Nazi Germany look like DisneyLand. Theres an utter lack of any actual evidence for all of the things that you meantion. That lacking, covering 2,000 plus years now, very strongly suggests that said persons are 100% fictional.

Question: What valid evidence needs to be provided to convince you? Two questions directed towards an Atheist and Religious. To the Atheist: What evidence needs to be provided to prove to you a "God' exists? To the Religious: What evidence needs to be provided to prove that your God or Gods do NOT exist?

Answer: You can't prove that something does not exist. If a god was omnipotent, then he/she/it could just hide in a corner for all eternity and be completely undetectable by any scientific experiment. That's not a very interesting sort of god, but there is no way you can prove that there isn't one, or even an infinite number of them. To prove that a god does exist: 1 Define exactly what you mean by "a god". 2 Construct a logical argument that shows there is some phenomenon that can only be explained by the existence of that god. 3 Devise an experiment to demonstrate the phenomenon exists 4 Do the experiment. As far as I know, so far nobody has successfully done step 1. Step 2 is probably logically impossible, since it's hard to imagine anything that can only happen for one single reason. The whole of the history of science consists of people thinking of more than one reason why something might happen, and then trying to work out which reason is the most rational explanation.

Question: How does the molecular evidence for evolution connect to other evidence such as homologies structure? How does the molecular evidence for evolution connect to other evidence such as homologies structure, vestigial structure, and embryology?

Answer: The "poster child" of homologous structures, going back at least to Darwin, where the forelimbs of mammals and other tetrapods. It was clear that the many bones, in the same numbers and in the same relative positions, were derived from a single source and then modified for different functions. Developmental genetics has confirmed that the features have a shared genetic basis. There is a conserved set of structures and genes/proteins (such as tshh, FGFs, and 5' Hox) involved in limb development in mammals, birds, and amphibians. It goes beyond that for limbs. It has long been thought that the tetrapod limb evolved from the paired fins of fish. Recent studies have found the same general shared develompental genetic pathways used in tetrapods to build their limbs also exists in the fish, such as sharks, to build their paired fins. Embryology - anatomical and genetic - also strongly support MACROevolution. A few examples: birds still have some genes remaining for making teeth; dolphin embryos begin forming hind limbs (and the reason they fail to fully develop is because certain of the conserved genes used to build tetrapod limbs are not expressed); human embryos form a postanal tail, fishlike arrangement of arteries and aortae and aortic arches, and fishlike pharyngeal arches including transient pharyngeal slits. Then there's the Hox genes, found to pattern the anterioposterior axis in animals ranging from humans and mice to fruit flies. Then there is the conserved "master gene" for eye development: Pax6 -- it is shared by humans, mice, and fruit flies too.

Question: What archaeological evidence is there that proves the Bible to be true? I’ve read answers that say that there is archaeological evidence that proves that the bible is true, but the answers fail to provide the source. I’m wondering what the archaeological evidence is and where I can read more about it.

Answer: The bible is not a history book; neither is it reliable for historical events; having said that, the bible is a most impressive human achievement in literature. I don't refer to the language, as in 17th century English, which can be very sweet sounding prose, but to the fact that our ancestors have seen fit to revise and doctor the conglomeration of various books as their society demanded and in doing so, gave the books a sort of dynamic life. It does not speak well for our education level, here in the US, to see so many of our fellows, who profess religion, to fail to make the effort to understand something about the book. So many of the, shall we call them the...uninformed as I often do, "true" believers seem to be satisfied with the claim of faith in place of understanding. IMO, this does no service to the book or the efforts of society to preserve this particular piece of literary effort. I see, here in YA, supposedly ardent christians, rewrite the first few paragraphs of Genesis without the slightest hesitation. This penchant for revision demonstrates their own refutation of the claims in the bible while at the same time they lam-blast us non-believers for our heresy! Typical, really, not to mention pathetic. But as to archaeological evidence, there is a Jerusalem. We have founf Jerico and some call it the oldest ancient "city". There is evidence of King David although archaeologists have been digging up Jerusalem for over 100 years looking for evidence of his son, Solomon. So, far, nothing. The Jews were taken into slavery many times through Mesopotamian history as were any other group large enough to be called a "tribe". They were actually released from bondage in Babylon after Cyrus the Great, a Persian educated by Greeks, overran Babylon and, since the Jews were obviously not supporters of the Babylonian "government" were immediately considered no threat and allowed to go their own way. The claim by Hebrew historians that the hebrew god somehow sent Cyrus is obviously apocryphal. It is to the credit of the Hebrews that many remained under the protection of Cyrus and, as such, were exposed to intelligentsia, for the first time. This experience, IMO, altered the Hebrew god concept in two very significant ways. So, if we consider the bible as literature, we must respect it. If we consider it to be the..."inerrant word" of some actual deity, we demonstrate our own foolishness. It is, after all, our choice whether to educate ourselves or to revel in and admire our own ignorance.

Question: What evidence is there that homosexual behavior contributed by a persons genetic makeup? What evidence is there that homosexual behavior contributed by a persons genetic makeup? What evidence is there in humans? What about evidence in other sexual reproducing species? What evidence is there that disproves this? If you can please provide links: Preferably to peer-reviewed journal articles. Not a requirement but...it makes you a lot more credible. Thanks. Chris: ?? No? I don't know of that episode. I'm not to fond of that show.

Answer: There have been a number of twin studies that demonstrate genetic components of sexual orientation. Identical twins are more likely to both be gay than fraternal twins, who are more likely to both be gay than non-twin siblings. These likelihoods don't point the finger at genes alone, as not all individuals with a gay identical twin were gay themselves, but they also rule out that sexual orientation is entirely environmental. If it were, there would be no observed correlation based on genetic relatedness. I don't have a peer-reviewed article for that, but such studies are mentioned in the book "The Science of Desire: The Search for the Gay Gene and the Biology of Behavior" by Dean Hamer and Peter Copeland. Dean Hamer conducted some of the genetic research on this stuff. Additionally, there are some other scattered correlations that would be difficult to explain by environment alone. Gay individuals are more likely than the general population to be left-handed, lesbians have higher risks of developing certain types of cancer, and sons have a 30% or so higher likelihood of being gay with every prior son a mother has given birth to. I can't give you much information on other sexually reproducing species, but I seem to recall that researchers have genetically tweaked either flies, mice, or both to produce homosexual behavior. I really don't have any evidence to refute anything mentioned above. Being gay myself, I know it's something inborn. Did the environment play a role in this? Almost certainly. But was the environment the sole cause? I know right down to my DNA that it was not.

Question: What evidence do creationists bring to the table? And don't quote the bible. Also, don't offer a lack of evidence as evidence. In other words, don't say something like "Because scientists haven't found the missing link" that's merely pointing out a temporary gap in evidence of one theory, and not evidence supporting creationism.

Answer: Oh, lots of it: http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/list.… Mind you, it's all logical fallacies, misunderstanding of science, or outright lies.

Question: What evidence would convince global warming sceptics? I've tried to post a lot of evidence, actual evidence, that supports the Anthropogenic Global Warming thesis. Note: I know it is just a theory, but it has the most compelling evidence when you break it down. What evidence do you all want to see exactly that will make you change your minds?

Answer: I am a believer but I would suggest a 5 foot rise in ocean levels would convince the cons

Question: Is there only 1 definition of evidence or does the word ‘evidence’ mean different things to different people? Somebody just implied that I have a different definition of evidence than religious people, but how can this be true; how can there be different definitions of evidence? I can see how some people can have differing standards of evidence and atheists, scientists and courts of law demand a higher standard of evidence than religious people, but ultimately, it’s the same definition of evidence, isn’t it? Religious people just believe first then look for evidence and this is a very bad way to verify the truth, but it doesn’t mean that they have a different definition of evidence than I do, does it?

Answer: What we all perceive as real is only how our brains project our concept of imagery. If you work hard at it you can convince anyone that a red apple is green, they will come to see it that way and defend their vision actively against all other opinions.

Question: What evidence from rocks show that life has changed the atmosphere? I am doing a science project and i have to find out how and what rocks have provided evidence that as life has formed, the atmosphere has changed. Example: banded iron formations as found in Minnesota's Iron Range.

Answer: Evidence from the Rock Record: (1) Iron (Fe) i s extremely reactive with oxygen. If we look at the oxidation state of Fe in the rock record, we can infer a great deal about atmospheric evolution. (2) Archean eon - Find occurrence of minerals that only form in non-oxidizing environments in Archean sediments: Pyrite (Fools gold; FeS2), Uraninite (UO2). These minerals are easily dissolved out of rocks under present atmospheric conditions. (3) Banded Iron Formation (BIF) - Deep water deposits in which layers of iron-rich minerals alternate with iron-poor layers, primarily chert. Iron minerals include iron oxide, iron carbonate, iron silicate, iron sulfide. BIF's are a major source of iron ore, because they contain magnetite (Fe3O4) which has a higher iron-to-oxygen ratio than hematite. These are common in rocks 2.0 - 2.8 Ga, but do not form today. (4) Red beds (continental siliciclastic deposits) are never found in rocks older than 2.3 B. y., but are common during Phanerozoic time. Red beds are red because of the highly oxidized mineral hematite (Fe2O3), that probably forms secondarily by oxidation of other Fe minerals that have accumulated in the sediment. Evidence linking rock to life comes in the form of fossils that had to have been formed under conditions that would have required significant oxygen, and containing organisms that could only have lived on an abundance oxygen source (or so biologists and paleontologists believe, at least). Finally, current oxygen-needing life versus the ancient anaerobic organisms that are still alive, "living fossils" (not really, but for ease of conversation). Little graph down there should help.