Annotated Statutes

Question: What is the publishing date for Title 18 Section 2301 of Purdon's Pennsylvania Statutes Annotated? I should have been more specific - the most recent publishing date...so I can cite it correctly.

Answer: I went to the Library of Congress catalog, and it looks like it's 1930. Here's the link: http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon… Edit: This is all I could find at loc.gov. Do you have the thing in front of you, or can you access a library catalog where you got it? I applaud your efforts to cite this correctly. It seems like a difficult item. Try loc.gov, check the catalog, You would be more familiar with the item than I am, and maybe you can find the correct record. It will have the publication date.

Question: how do the florida statutes annotated improve on the florida statutes?

Answer: It is not that the statutes are improved. It is that the annotated version of the statues have court case that cited the statutes and secondary sources that use the statutes are included. The annotated versions make research easier because you can look up the statute and the sources that use the statute are right there in front of you.

Question: what information will you find in the florida statutes annotated?

Answer: Florida Statutes Annotated outline legislative changes to the state statutes based on Florida cases and Federal cases arising in Florida.

Question: WHAT DOES ARTICLE 1A OF THE VERNON ANNOTATED CIVIL STATUTES HAVE TO DO WITH RESERVE DEPUTIES?

Answer: First, stop the CAPSLOCK. Second, as usual with legal-related questions on Yahoo! Answers, far too little information exists to answer the question adequately. Vernon's Annotated MISSOURI Statutes? Vernon's TEXAS Civil Statutes? Let's assume it's Texas. Article 1A is an invalid reference; articles usually refer to portions of constitutions or to legislative documents, nto statutes. Come back with a question that's more detailed, more specific, and with careful grammar so that I can answer it adequately.

Question: Can you tell me where a link that provides the statutory compilations for PA? I think it is at this site can any one tell me if this is correct? Purdon's Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Annotated No dear its not pa codes they should not be confused with PA. CODE, which is a code of regulations, not legislation. This is not ROCKET SCIENCE! you are wrong my divot.

Answer: This is not rocket science. Please Google "pa. code"

Question: Homeschool - Florida? According to the law (Florida Statutes Annotated § 1003.02(1)(g) 1) a homeschooling child must be above 6 but not attained 16. So... 16 years olds and 17 year olds can't be homeschooled?

Answer: You're misinterpreting the law here. Go back and check the wording. If your child is at or above the age of 6 and you're homeschooling then you need to register them and follow the state homeschool laws because that child is at the age where they are required by law to attend some kind of school, be it private, public, or homeschool. However, once your child is 16 or older, you are not legally required to submit evaluations or follow any of the other homeschool laws because legally your child is no longer required to be in school. I'm 17 and i'm homeschooled in Florida. We still submit yearly evaluations though.

Question: Home Schooling in KS? Ok, So i'm writing a paper for college on home schooling for kids in KS... When i was reading though the laws it all sounds really laid back... So if you guys could shed some light on the subject for me i'd appreciate it. I dont think its as simple as this makes it seem. Also is there age requirements? Here's the info i got from a google search... KANSAS Compulsory Attendance Ages: “reached the age of 7 and under the age of 18 years.” Kansas Statutes Annotated § 72-1111(a). However, compulsory attendance age ends at 16 years with parental consent. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-111(b). Required Days of Instruction: Must teach for a period of time “substantially equivalent” to that of the local public school. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-1111(a)(2). Required Subjects: None for “non-accredited” private schools. For public schools and accredited private schools: includes reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, spelling, English grammar and composition, civil government, United States and Kansas history, patriotism and duties of a citizen, health, and hygiene. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-1101 and § 72-1103. Home School Statute: None. Alternative Statutes Allowing for Home Schools: Option 1. Non-accredited Private school option. 1. Choose a name for the school, then register the name and address with the State Board of Education. § 72-53,101 Kan. Stat. Ann. Keep a copy of the registration in case the state loses the original. Always refer to your home school as a “private school” when dealing with officials—not as a “home school.” 2. The instructor must be “competent.” Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-1111(a)(2). 3. Instruction must be provided for a period of time “substantially equivalent” to public school, about 186 days. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-1111(a)(2). 4. The instruction must be (a) planned and (b) scheduled, and (c) periodic testing must occur. Kansas Attorney General Opinion No. 85-159 (1985) says the factors outlined in In Re Sawyer 672 P.2d 1093 (1983) (planned and scheduled instruction, periodic testing, and competent instructor) should be applied to determine whether home instruction is a private school. 5. State approval is not required. The State Department of Education has no authority to approve or disapprove non-accredited private schools. This interpretation has been upheld by many trial courts: 6. Local approval of a private school is not required. In the In re Ahlman case, the judge ruled: “the statute does not authorize independent evaluation of the competency of a prima facie private school by local public school officials or local law enforcement authorities, absent clear evidence of a sham or subterfuge involving educational neglect. Children found to be participating in a prima facie private school are not truant under § 72-1111 not withstanding the fact that such school operates in a private residence.” 7. Local approval of private school teachers is not required. Kan. Attorney General Opinion 75-409 said school boards have “no authority either express or implied to evaluate the competence of an instructor of a private school or to approve or disapprove the qualifications of any such instructor.” 8. Unplanned, unscheduled instruction by an instructor who was not competent and did not conduct periodic testing was ruled to not be a private school by the Kansas Supreme Court in In re Sawyer 672 P.2d 1093 (1983). Option 2. Certain counties will recognize home schools that operate as a “satellite” of an existing private school within the state of Kansas. For example, HSLDA’s case of In re Willms, No. 87-JC-350 (Shawnee County Dist. Ct., Feb. 12, 1988), found a home school operating as a satellite and accountable to a local private school board to be in compliance with § 72-1111. Parental Rights Act: KSA § 38-141. The Kansas legislature enacted a Parental Rights Act in 1996 that further protects a parent’s right to choose home schooling: (b) It shall be the public policy of this state that parents shall retain the fundamental right to exercise primary control over the care and upbringing of their children in their charge. (d) Any parent may maintain a cause of action in state court or in any court of competent jurisdiction for claims arising under the principles established in subsection (b). Teacher Qualifications: Must be “competent.” Kan. Stat. Ann. § 72-1111(a)(2). The local board “has no authority either express or implied to evaluate the competence of an instructor of a private school or to approve or disapprove the qualifications of any such instructor.” Kan. Op. Att’y. Gen. 75-409. Standardized Tests: Not required by statute. PLEASE NOTE: Children enrolled in a virtual charter school, public on-line school, or public school independent study program are not eligible for HSLDA membership. Enrollment in these secular progr

Answer: First, to clarify, charter schools, public on-line schools, and public school independent study are not really homeschools. They are just alternative ps. That is why HSLDA doesn't accept those students as members. Real homeschooling is where the parents take charge of the children's education, and are independent of the ps. The home is like a private school. Even though the laws are laid-back, most homeschooling parents take their responsibility to teach their kids very seriously. The laws are simple in order to give parents the freedom to teach their children as they see fit, and to teach them what they want to. If you are a young person, you weren't around when Americans were much more free. Now you poor kids think it is normal and OK for the government to control every aspect of your lives. When kids are homeschooled, parents can teach them the true Godly history of this country. Then the kids can work to restore freedom. My daughter is almost 18, and eager to vote out the present majority who aren't following our Constitution. As for age requirements, I see that in your print-out of laws, it says children must be schooled from 7 to 18, or to 16 if parents consent to the child dropping out.

Question: If you are POST certified, do you also need to have a license to bounty hunt? Hi, I live in Colorado and I'm currently studying CJ, my community college offers a law enforcement academy and upon completing the academy i'll be post cert. Could somebody help me understand this CO statute that states: "· For employment commencing on or after January 1, 1999, the agent shall obtain a copy of a certificate of training from the individual indicating that such individual has received training in bail fugitive apprehension from a private bail recovery program or an accredited institution of higher education. Such training shall comply with the standards established by the peace officers standards and training board pursuant to section 24-31-303(1)(h), C.R. S., and shall not exceed sixteen clock hours." - COLORADO REVISED STATUTES ANNOTATED TITLE 12. PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS GENERAL ARTICLE 7. BAIL BONDING AGENT § 12-7-105.5. Bail

Answer: For training after 1999 The agent-Your Company Individual - You Certificate of Training - 16 clock hours of training / Bail Fugitive apprehension course By- An accredited institution-College // or a private bail recovery program

Question: Does this rule apply for cyber schooled kids? I want to be in music programs and reading olympics at my school, but I am going to be homeschooled for personal reasons. I found this law, but I'm not sure if it applies for cyber schooled kids. 24 Pennsylvania Statutes Annotated § 511 (a) The board of school directors in every school district shall prescribe, adopt, and enforce such reasonable rules and regulations as it may deem proper, regarding (1) the management, supervision, control, or prohibition of exercises, athletics, or games of any kind, school publications, debating, forensic, dramatic, musical, and other activities related to the school program, including raising and disbursing funds for any or all of such purposes and for scholarships, and (2) the organization, management, supervision, control, financing, or prohibition of organizations, clubs, societies and groups of the members of any class or school, and may provide for the suspension, dismissal, or other reasonable penalty in the case of any appointee, professional or other employee, or pupil who violates any of such rules or regulations. (b) Any school or any class activity or organization thereof, with the approval of the board, may affiliate with any local, district, regional, State, or national organization whose purposes and activities are appropriate to and related to the school program. (b.1) Private schools shall be permitted, if otherwise qualified, to be members of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association except that private schools located in cities of the second class which are members of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association shall, if they so elect, be assigned to a district or section outside of the geographical boundary of the second class city but contiguous thereto, and shall participate in Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association sponsored athletic contests in that section. The association shall not prohibit a private school from being a member solely on the grounds that the coach or a member of the coaching staff of any athletic team is not a teacher, or professional employee, either full-time or part-time, at such private school, except that this provision shall not apply to coaches or members of the coaching staff initially employed after January 1, 1965. (c) The board of school directors may (1) permit the use of school property, real or personal, for the purpose of conducting any activity related to the school program, or by any school or class organization, club, society, or group, (2) authorize any school employee or employees to manage, supervise and control the development and conduct of any of such activities, (3) employ or assign any school employee to serve in any capacity in connection with any of such activities. (d) Notwithstanding the use of school property or personnel, it shall be lawful for any school or any class or any organization, club, society, or group thereof, to raise, expend, or hold funds, including balances carried over from year to year, in its own name and under its own management, under the supervision of the principal or other professional employee of the school district designated by the board. Such funds shall not be the funds of the school district but shall remain the property of the respective school, class, organization, club, society, or group. The treasurer or custodian of such funds shall furnish to the school district a proper bond, in such amount and with such surety or sureties as the board shall approve, conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties as treasurer or custodian. The premium of such bond, if any, shall be paid from the fund or funds secured thereby or from the funds of the school district, at the discretion of the board. The treasurer or custodian shall be required to maintain an accounting system approved by the board, shall deposit the funds in a depository approved by the board, shall submit a financial statement to the board quarterly or oftener, at the direction of the board, and shall submit the accounts to be audited in like manner as the accounts of the school district. (e) All purchases of materials or supplies made by any organization, club, society or group or by any school or class shall be made by the purchaser in accordance with the requirements of section 807.1. [FN2] (f) The board of school directors of any district is hereby authorized to appropriate any monies of the district for the payment of medical and hospital expenses incurred as a result of participation in such athletic events or games, practice or preparation therefore, or in transportation to or from such athletic events or games, or the practice or preparation therefore, and for the purchase of accident insurance in connection with such participation and transportation. 24 Pennsylvania Statutes Annotated 13-1327.1(f.1) (1) Beginning January 1, 2006, the school district of residence shall permit a child who is enrolled in a home education program to

Answer: PA virtual academy is not homeschooling, it public school at home. Therefore homeschool laws do not apply. As I said in your previous question, the only school district in PA to allow cyber school students access to extra curriculars at their local schools is the Armstrong School District.

Question: Help with me answer these please!!!!!? Its for a take home quiz for my Criminal Law Class. Its open book but my book hasn't gotten here yet!!! Name: Chapter 2 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Only those persons accused of felonies have a constitutional right to retain lawyers for their defense. 2. Appellate courts are primarily fact-finding bodies. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 3. At the national level, the ____ is the primary agency empowered to investigate violations of federal criminal laws. a. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms c. Secret Service d. Immigration and Naturalization Service 4. The official who heads the U.S. Department of Justice is the ____. a. Barrister General b. Attorney General c. Solicitor General d. Minister of Justice 5. Pretrial proceedings in the federal district courts and trials of federal misdemeanors are often handled by ____ who are appointed by federal district judges. a. magistrate judges b. referees c. special masters d. none of these 6. In addition to the FBI, federal law enforcement agencies include the ____. a. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms b. the Bureau of Indian Affairs c. the Customs Service d. all of these 7. Crimes committed by persons who are ____ are ordinarily prosecuted before courts-martial. a. on Indian reservations b. on federal reservations c. in the civil service d. in the military services 8. Decisions of courts-martial are reviewed by military courts of review in each branch of the armed forces and in certain instances appeals are heard by the United States ____. a. Court of International Justice b. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit c. Claims Court d. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces 9. The abuses that came to be associated with juvenile courts were addressed by the Supreme Court in the landmark case of ____. a. In re Gault (1967) b. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) c. Ex Parte Hull (1979) d. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 10. In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971), the Supreme Court refused to extend the right to ____ to juvenile proceedings. a. counsel b. speedy and public trial c. trial by jury d. cross-examination 11. Federal statutes are published in the ____, an annual publication dating from 1789 in which federal statutes are arranged in order of their adoption. a. Federal Register b. Code of Federal Regulations c. Supreme Court Reporter d. United States Statutes at Large 12. The most popular compilation of the federal law used by lawyers, judges, and criminal justice professionals is the ____. a. Federal Register b. Code of Federal Regulations c. U.S. Code Annotated d. Compendium of Federal Legislation 13. Congress's legislative power may be divided into two broad categories: enumerated and ____ powers. a. concurrent b. inherent c. plenary d. implied 14. Because statutes are necessarily written in general language, legislation often requires judicial ____. a. diversion b. interpretation c. prohibition d. asportation 15. Because legislative bodies have enacted vast numbers of laws defining offenses that are ____, statutory interpretation assumes an importance largely unknown to the English common law. a. mens rea b. strict constructionist c. lex non scripta d. mala prohibita 16. The most frequent maxim applied by courts in determining legislative intent is the ____ rule. a. original package b. plain meaning c. nolle prosequi d. unit 17. In determining the meaning of the statutory term "____," a court would ordinarily look to the common law, which defined the term to mean "an enclosed space surrounding a dwelling." a. domicile b. homestead c. curtilage d. residence 18. Corrections systems include ____. a. agencies that supervise probation and parole b. public defender offices c. criminal courts d. none of these 19. When state legislatures adopt statutes, they are published in volumes known as ____. a. reporters b. session laws c. syllabi d. digests 20. Defense attorneys perform all of the following functions except ____. a. courtroom advocacy b. plea negotiation c. testifying on behalf of clients d. protecting defendants' rights I already found three and four. Oh and if your gonna be a smart *** about it. Don't answer.

Answer: um... one is false

Question: Healthcare Bill -- Is it Subject to Legal Challenge in the Courts? Other bills enacted by Congress and signed into law have from time to time been struck down or modified by the Courts -- what about the Obama Healthcare Bill? In particular, I'm interested in the provision that takes $400 Billion from the Medicare Trust Funds and uses it to fund Medicaid and a variety of other programs. Here are some possible legal theories: 1. Criminal Conversion in violation of Federal Statutes. 2. Mis-appropriation of funds by a Trustee. 3. Fraud in the solicitation of funds to be held in trust for one purpose, but then wrongfully used for other purposes. 4. Misbehavior by a Trustee. The U.S. government by its statements and declarations of intent has shown itself to be unfit to act as a Trustee of the Medicare Trust Fund. Those monies should now be placed in the hands of a reliable trustee or receiver to be used for the purposes for which they were gathered by the FICA tax system over the past 40 years. 5. Larceny in violation of the U.S. Code I recognize that for purposes of tort the government enjoys Sovereign Immunity, but the Federal Tort Claims Act does not include immunity for violations of U.S. Statutes, or for criminal violations. There are also Federal Code provisions covering Trusts, and Trust Funds, within the Federal system. I'm just wondering if there could be a Judicial review of the Obama Healthcare law to make sure that taking $400 billion out of the Medicare Trust Fund and using it for purposes other than the care of Medicare beneficiaries is 100% lawful under the Constitution and the U.S. Code Annotated and the Code of Federal Regulations. Do the states have any right to protect their citizens from this massive larceny of their Medicare entitlement as beneficiaries of the Medicare Trust Fund. Do state fraud laws become applicable. Certain statements were made about the use of FICA tax money since 1965 and about the existence of a Medicare Trust Fund to be used for the benefit of Medicare qualified citizens. So, would a state attorney general have standing to ask the Federal Courts to enjoin this massive larceny or conversion, or misappropriation of funds, or misbehavior by a Federal Trustee? In this Democratic Republic governed by the "Rule of Law" are 85 million people completely without rights of recourses after paying in for Medicare over their entire working lifetimes? Is it OK just to take their money, and say "Too bad, we have the cash, and the Army, and you don't." Would it be OK for the government to spend that money on roads or better offices for Congresspeople, or more generous retirement benefits for former Congresspeople? Once it has been removed from any claims based on its original purposes and original beneficiaries, as citizens qualify by becoming 65, it could be used for anything, right? It could go into the General Fund, or be used to pay down the National Debt. So could the Social Security Trust Fund. Then we wouldn't just have 85 million larceny victims, it would be more like 300 million larceny victims. Are all these people going to be unrepresented in our Courts? No complaints, no cases, no arguments? Am I the only lawyer in USA that feels something might be done to modify the Obama Healthcare bill in the Courts, and make it less evil, and less larcenous, and less felonious? Please let me know what recourses may be available in the "Rule of Law" country.

Answer: How about Chapter 96 of Title 18 of the United States Code, 18 U.S.C. It seems to me that a solid case could be made, if we collectively used the organizations (both houses) as a whole, selecting those that voted for bills that appropriated our money for one reason using it for another. Only need to reference a handful federal laws, even less state laws to invoke RICO! Of course we could save some time and money by simply voting them out!

Question: Why hasn't AZ defined what would be "reasonable suspicion" of an individual being an illegal alien? The final version requires police to try to determine the immigration status of any person who has been stopped, detained, or arrested and "reasonable suspicion exists that the person is an alien." Could reasonable suspicion be based on skin color or a Mexican accent? Here’s what it says: Senate Bill 1070: A law enforcement official or agency of this state or a county, city, town or other political subdivision of this state may not consider race, color or national origin in implementing the requirements of this subsection except to the extent permitted by the United States or Arizona Constitution. The unamended version said race et al., couldn’t be the "sole" factors. But the statute doesn’t detail what "reasonable suspicion" might include. And the phrase "except to the extent permitted" by the federal or state constitutions leaves even more ambiguity, because courts have upheld the use of race or ethnicity in some circumstances. In an annotated version of the law reprinted by The Arizona Republic, University of Arizona law professor Gabriel Chin writes that there are "many open questions" regarding whether race could be used in enforcing S.B. 1070. But he also said, "I am deeply surprised that anyone construes this law to prohibit racial profiling." Ediberto Roman, a professor of law at Florida International University, goes even farther. "It’s pretext to try to suggest that there is no discriminatory purpose," he told us. "Given that there is a lack of any other basis in terms of how they’re going to enforce it, it’s pretty clear that we’re looking to focus on a particular target group." Though the law only allows officials to ask for proof of citizenship in the case of "legal stop, detention or arrest," this doesn’t limit the questioning to suspected criminals — it can include those who are detained as victims of or witnesses to a crime, or people accused of violating local ordinances like noise laws or loitering laws. Roman is concerned that police will be more likely to both stop and to question those who they think look like immigrants. "The legislature was pretty careful in following criminal procedure notions, but it’s the discretion in how the law enforcement will use criminal procedure [that] is how the racial profiling comes into play," he said. @James: Care to point out anything I said that was "pro illegal-aliens?"

Answer: Because it would sound the alarm bells of racism. Edit @ joey million, and how would you know they do not have a license before you stopped them? Do you carry your green card? Oh, you don't have one either, I guess you are getting locked up and yo will need a lawyer, meaning paying for a lawyer, to get you out. I guess yo don't mind being locked up cause you don't have a green card on you.

Question: Is it the neo-cons or the Lefties that most believe in Natural Right? My teacher, who wrote "Natural Right and History" is widely considered the source of the neo-con movement. Neo-conism is based on an idea coming to us right out of the French Revolution (and the American one) that there are certain God Given Rights that are "Natural" and which all persons possess, just by being alive in this world. The Marxists and the Christians (who are both essentially lefties -- see Christ's statement about the eye of the needle and the rich man getting into heaven), believe in Natural Right as well. The God-Given rights are what the Puritan Pilgrims came to America to vindicate and enjoy. OK so the far right and the far left believe in God Given Natural Rights (which Emma tells me includes the right to move to a different country for a better standard of living). The neo-cons are warmed over lefties, and not truly re-constructed. But USA was founded on the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke and Adam Smith, not any of these Natural Rights guys. USA was founded on the idea that the only source of authentic (not imaginary) "rights" is the political community -- the politea, as manifest and embodied in treaty, statute, and common law. Anything the community didn't say was a right, was not a right according to Hobbes, and Locke. There is no mixing of imaginary rights with authentic rights. You want to know your rights -- look in the Constitution, the Opinions of the U.S. Supreme Court, the Treaties on file, and the U.S. Code Annotated. Those are your rights. No "natural rights" no "God given" rights, no Unicorn defined rights or mermaid dictated rights or Easter Bunny elicited rights. The community -- the Politea decides, describes, and sets forth your rights -- all of them. I am ready for religionists to contradict me on this point. They can talk about the Gospels and Mosaic law and the Koran. But, I am not so ready for self-described atheists to contradict me on this point. If you are an atheist, where do the "natural god-given rights" come from? Do we read them in the Book of Nature. In this world, God's work must surely be our own. In USA there is no "right" for non-citizens to be here among us. If they are here, as Zazi is here, it is at our sufferance. All citizens of all nations have a right to act in their own best interests. No citizens of any nation have a duty to act in the interests of persons from other nations. I sound a little BNP here -- well ok, I'll accept that monicker. What I want to know is whether there is a real distinction between Neo-cons and Lefties when it comes to cosmopolitan, globalist, universalist, absolutist thinking. Aren't these just really two peas from the same pod? Don't Hobbes and Locke contradict them both?

Answer: Well, I was never very political but I guess if I lived in America, I could fall under the category of "Neo-cons"... not sure though :P Wikipedia tells me that these natural rights are also called moral rights. so our morality mostly comes from ourselves and society right? (because we're atheists). so our "natural god given rights" are our morals... that's the way i see it anyway :P there is no "right" for non citizens to be in America, but just because they're not citizens, you would be happy to throw them out of the country? ok, im gonna give you an example. (true story, I heard it some weeks ago) a muslim woman working at a pharmacy in Britain refused to give the after morning pill to a woman who requested it because it went against her religion. now, she had every right to do that according to the law. was it right though? in my opinion, not at all, it was morally very wrong. You shouldnt accept a BNP moniker! if theres something I hate with a passion it's the BNP...lol